糖尿病和非糖尿病真菌性角膜炎穿透角膜移植术治疗临床效果的对照研究

背景 真菌性角膜炎是中国主要的致盲眼病之一,糖尿病是真菌性角膜炎的易感人群.穿透角膜移植术是高危真菌性角膜炎患者的主要治疗方法,但目前缺乏糖尿病真菌性角膜炎穿透角膜移植术后的临床疗效评价. 目的 比较糖尿病和非糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患眼行穿透角膜移植术治疗后的临床效果,探讨糖尿病对临床效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2014年6月在青岛大学医学院附属医院眼科拟行角膜移植术的92例糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患者及106例非糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患者,并比较术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、植片排斥反应、真菌复发、并发性白内障及继发性青光眼的发生情况.结果 2个组患者的角膜均为中度和重度感染,其不同感染程度的眼数分布差异无统计学意义(X2 =0.166,P=0.684).2个组间曲霉菌属感染的眼数分布差异无统计学意义(x2=0.340,P=0.854);镰刀菌属感染和念珠菌属感染眼数分布的差异均有统计学意义(X2=2.068,P=0.010;x2=3.874,P=0.049).术后1周～2年,2个组患者术后BCVA均高于术前.糖尿病真菌性角膜炎组患者术后各时间点BCVA＞0.3者均低于相应的非糖尿病真菌性角膜炎组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).糖尿病与非糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患者术后排斥反应的发生率分别为42.39％和28.30％,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.306,P=0.038);真菌复发的发生率分别为17.39％和9.43％,差异有统计学意义(x2=3.941,P=0.047);并发性白内障的发生率分别为9.78％和2.83％,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.182,P=0.041);继发性青光眼的发生率分别为5.43％和7.54％,差异无统计学意义(X2=0.358,P=0.055).糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患者不同血糖水平组间术后排斥反应、真菌复发率和术后并发症发生率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病真菌性角膜炎患者行穿透角膜移植术后视力恢复较慢,移植排斥反应、真菌复发、并发性白内障发生率较高.糖尿病是穿透角膜移植术后发生并发症的危险因素.     

First experiences with HLA-matched corneal grafts in high risk cases

In highly vascularized corneas the number of graft failures caused by irreversible rejections is higher than in non- or slightly vascularized corneas. The importance of antigen compatibility is demonstrated, especially in these high risk cases.Ten highly vascularized corneas were grafted with HLA-matched donor material; only one reversible rejection was seen in this group.Nine non- or slightly vascularized corneas were grafted with donor material chosen at random. Retrospective HLA matching was performed. Three irreversible rejections were seen in this group. The number of HLA incompatibilities was high.     

穿膜肽研究展望

传统细胞生物学的观点认为亲水性大分子只能通过经典的胞吞作用才能实现细胞内在化.近几年研究发现一些多肽可能通过一种无耗能、无受体介导的方式穿过真核细胞的质膜,这些肽被称为穿膜肽;现已有许多关于成功利用穿膜肽将生物大分子转运至多种真核细胞内的报道.目前,穿膜肽因其高效无害的细胞穿透功能,受到现代细胞生物学、药学、基因治疗及细胞免疫等研究领域的关注.     

细胞穿透肽PEP-1导入血红素加氧酶-1蛋白对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价细胞穿透肽PEP-1导入血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)蛋白对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠18只,周龄7～9周,体重210 ～ 260 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1+肾缺血再灌注组(HO组).采用夹闭双侧肾动脉45 min恢复灌注的方法制备大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型.HO组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前30 min时静脉注射融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1.于再灌注6h时取右侧颈总动脉血样,测定血清BUN和Cr浓度;取肾组织检测MDA含量和SOD活性;采用免疫组化法检测肾组织HO-1的表达.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和HO组肾组织MDA含量、血清BUN和Cr浓度升高,肾组织SOD活性降低,HO-1蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,HO组肾组织MDA含量、血清BUN和Cr浓度降低,肾组织SOD活性升高,HO-1蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 细胞穿透肽PEP-1将HO-1蛋白成功导入肾组织,导入的HO-1蛋白通过抑制脂质过氧化反应减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤.     

Characteristics of regional bone quality in cervical vertebrae considering BMD: Determining a safe trajectory for cervical pedicle screw fixation

This study aimed to report the mechanical strength and characteristics of the lateral mass and pedicle considering BMD for the safe insertion of pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical level. We evaluated BMD and Hounsfield unit (HU) values of cortical bones at the lateral mass and pedicle of C3‐7 from CT images in 99 patients. Patients were divided into three groups (Group A, T‐score ≥ ?1; Group B, ?2.5 < T‐score < ?1.0; Group C, T‐score ≤ ?2.5). The HU numbers of cortical bone in the vertebral canal (medial wall of the lateral mass; cHU), posterior wall of the transverse foramen (fHU), and medial wall, lateral wall, and trabecular area of the pedicle (mHU, lHU, and pHU, respectively) were measured on the CT images in the middle of the pedicle. A mechanical study was also performed to measure cortical bone strength using 10 fresh cadavers. The cHU and mHU values in Group C were higher than lHU and fHU in Groups A and B, and there was a wide gap between the pHU value and other areas. The penetrating force also had a close correlation with HU number. The mean penetrating force of the medial wall of the lateral mass and the posterior wall of the transverse foramen were 210.08 ± 110.46 and 50.51 ± 46.09 N, respectively. The cortical bones in the vertebral canal and medial wall of the pedicle were stronger than the lateral wall and the trabecular area. The cHU and mHU in the osteoporotic group were higher than fHU and pHU in the normal group. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:217–223, 2018.

     

Layer-specific dilation of penetrating arteries induced by stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the mouse frontal cortex

To clarify mechanisms through which activation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) increases cerebral cortical blood flow, we examined whether cortical parenchymal arteries dilate during NBM stimulation in anesthetized mice. We used two-photon microscopy to measure the diameter of single penetrating arteries at different depths (∼800 μm, layers I to V) of the frontal cortex, and examined changes in the diameter during focal electrical stimulation of the NBM (0.5 ms at 30 to 50 μA and 50 Hz) and hypercapnia (3% CO₂ inhalation). Stimulation of the NBM caused diameter of penetrating arteries to increase by 9% to 13% of the prestimulus diameter throughout the different layers of the cortex, except at the cortical surface and upper part of layer V, where the diameter of penetrating arteries increased only slightly during NBM stimulation. Hypercapnia caused obvious dilation of the penetrating arteries in all cortical layers, including the surface arteries. The diameters began to increase within 1 second after the onset of NBM stimulation in the upper cortical layers, and later in lower layers. Our results indicate that activation of the NBM dilates cortical penetrating arteries in a layer-specific manner in magnitude and latency, presumably related to the density of cholinergic nerve terminals from the NBM.     

Vascular trauma

The incidence and type of vascular injury differs in different geographical locations. Blunt and iatrogenic injuries are the two commonest causes of vascular trauma in most European countries including the UK. However, in the USA, most vascular injuries are the result of stab or gunshot wounds. Vascular injuries are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They require a clear concept of the management and timely intervention in order to avoid early and late complications. This article outlines the basic principles in the management of vascular trauma.     

骨碎补总黄酮对颅骨缺损修复大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷的影响

目的:探讨中药骨碎补总黄酮(assemble flavone of rhizome drynaria,AFDR)在修复大鼠颅骨缺损过程中对血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷及肌酐、谷丙转氨酶水平的影响。方法:60只6周龄雄性SD大鼠,饲养1周后Excel表随机分为两组(对照组和AFDR组),每组30只。用电动磨钻在大鼠左右颅骨钻孔建立颅骨缺损模型,右侧缺损可注射骨修复材料(injectable bone regeneration vomposite,IBRC)。术后第1天AFDR组中药灌胃,对照组去离子水灌胃。分别于术后2、4、8周采血,检测血清中碱性磷酸酶、磷、钙、肌酐、谷丙转氨酶指标,并进行统计学处理。结果:2周时碱性磷酸酶AFDR组高于对照组,4周时血清钙、磷及钙磷乘积AFDR组高于对照组。血清谷丙转氨酶各时间点两组差异无统计学意义。8周时血清肌酐AFDR组低于对照组。结论:骨碎补总黄酮在大鼠颅骨缺损修复过程中,于2～4周可影响碱性磷酸酶及血清钙磷水平,对肝肾无毒性。